Kriegsspiel (Anleitung zur Darstellung militairischer Manöver mit dem Apparat des Kriegs-Spieles)

The attacker moves his blocks to the enemy front in his chosen formation and announces the attack; the defender, moving simultaneously, declares he will turn back, counter-advance or stand. If the attack is accepted the appropriate odds die decides it. Cavalry within 400 paces forcing infantry to manoeuvre, or infantry catching enemies changing formation within 200 paces, gets a better die.

Er erklärt darauf , entweder umzukehren , entgegen zu gehen oder stehen zu bleiben, worauf nun beide Theile ihre Züge ausführen.

Victorious cavalry halts one Zug, then pursues at set distances (light 500/900/600 paces, heavy 400/800/600). Beaten cavalry retreats two Züge at gallop then trot; infantry at 250 paces, or 500 at the cost of being downgraded. Winning infantry that follows up immediately inflicts only half losses. Troops reaching a terrain feature within 2 Züge halt the pursuit; troops thrown against impassable obstacles may be captured.

Jede Cavallerielinie die eine glückliche Charge ausgefährt hat, muls einen Zug stehen bleiben und kann erst nach Verlauf desselben mit der halben Marsch- weite verfolgen

Each formation (three-rank line, section and platoon columns, closed columns, brigade masses; cavalry lines and march columns by twos, threes, sixes; artillery intervals and limbered columns) has a defined block arrangement giving true depth and frontage. Roads, bridges, gates and defiles restrict columns to set widths (e.g. infantry in sections on field tracks); deploying requires the head to wait for the tail.

Auf kleinen Feldwegen oder Dämmen, kann die Infanterie nur in Sections, die Cavallerie zu dreien und die Artillerie zu einem Geschütz marschieren.

The march scale gives 200 paces for route march of infantry and mixed columns, 250 for infantry deploying and in action, 600 for cavalry trot, 800 for gallop and heavy cavalry charge, 900 for light cavalry charge; 400 for guns moving by prolonge. Distances are set in a compass from the block's front; lines move by their flank blocks, columns by the head. Units may move less, implying halts.

1ste Abtheilung, 200 Schritt: ein Zug bei Reisemärschen der Infanterie und aller solcher Colónnen , welche aus mehrern Waffengattungen zusammen gesetzt sind.

The §34 table gives maximum distance per Zug for each arm and activity (route march, attack, retreat, pursuit) on roads, open ground, slopes of 5-10, 10-15, 15-25 and 25-35 degrees, light and dense woods, marsh and enclosures, with the umpire free to modify it. Long marches are shortened for weather and ground condition per the General-Idee.

Marschweite der Truppen unter verschiedenenVer- hältnifsen in tabel- larischer Über sicht.

Orders and reports travel via the umpire, taking Züge to arrive (gallop up to 2000 paces, beyond that 700 paces per Zug). The time a commander takes to read a report and dictate orders is measured with a watch, and half as many Züge as minutes elapsed are charged, plus transit time, before orders reach the troops. Meanwhile local commanders act on their own initiative via the umpire.

Halb so viel Züge als Minuten vergangen sind, werden in Rechnung gebracht, und dazu wiederum die Zahl der Züge addirt , welche erforderlich sind, die gegebenen Befehle den Truppentheilen zu überbringen.

Concealed columns are set up on separate small boards; only troops the enemy could actually see are placed on the plan. Hidden troops discovered by the commander are placed immediately; if found by a patrol, they appear only after the report has travelled. Surprise attacks (Überfall) from concealment let the attacker count each block double for the first 3 Züge if the victim fails a die I roll.

Der Vertraute bestimmt nach dieser Disposition und mit Rücksicht auf das Terrain , welche der gewählten Stellungen oder angeordneten Märsche von dem Feinde gesehen werden, und welche ihm verborgen bleiben

The Vertraute writes the General-Idee, forms both corps, briefs each side separately on its forces, mission and what it would know of the enemy, decides what each side can see, carries all orders and reports, and rolls the dice for effects. His decisions are binding during play; criticism is only allowed afterwards. Large games use two umpires, one for hidden movements and one for losses.

Der Vertraute ist im Laufe des Spieles Autorität , seine Entscheidung gilt in allen Fällen und erst nach Beendigung des Spiels kann er in Anspruch ge- nommen werden

A howitzer battery carrying only its ordinary ammunition may fire for 50 Züge. Ammunition wagons are placed 1000-1500 paces behind the first two lines at the start of the action.

Jede Haubitzbatterie, wenn sie nicht mehr als ihre gewöhnliche Munition mit sich führt, darf nur 50 Züge hindurch feuern.

Covered skirmishers fire with the better die II. Infantry holding wood edges, villages, walls or dykes suffer half losses from musketry and canister and reduced losses from ball and shell; troops wholly behind 200-pace woods, whole villages or high dykes take none except from shell. Artillery effect depends on intervening ground (marsh, hedges, slopes over 10 degrees give the poor die).

Die Infanterie , welche die Lisieren der Wälder , Dörfer, Stadtmauern, Dämme und Gräben besetzt hat und sie vertheidigt , erleidet durch Gewehr- und Kartätschfeuer die Hälfte

For 6-pounders: small canister to 400, large canister 400-800, effective arc shot 800-1200, rolling shot 1200-1800 paces (12-pounders 500/1000/1800/2000); howitzers have their own bands. Infantry range is up to 400 paces, rounded to the nearest 100. The die face gives separate loss numbers for each band.

Die 1ste Abtheilung für 6pfünder 400 Schritt, für 12 pfünder 500 Schritt, zeigt die Weite des wirksamen Schusses mit kleinen Kartätschen

About 6 battalions a side need one player each; 24+ battalions need at least three per side, one taking overall command by agreement or lot and assigning advance guard, wings, reserve, artillery or staff roles. At most 4 persons per side move blocks; others act as staff officers. Players more than 1000 paces apart may only communicate via the umpire.

Die Bewegung der Truppenzeichen kann auf jeder Seite höchstens von 4 Personen geschehen.

The manoeuvre continues until one side's objective is reached and can then stop by agreement; a retreat may be part of the mission. Praise goes to whoever manoeuvred most naturally, grasped the General-Idee fastest and executed the disposition most consistently; critique follows the game.

Von Gewinnen und Verlieren in dem Sinne eines Karten- oder Brettspieles , ist also nicht die Rede.

The General-Idee motivates why battle occurs on the chosen map. Each commander privately receives his force strength, mission (as a daily order or letter) and enemy information classified as from patrols, from more or less reliable spies, or from inhabitants and travellers prone to misjudging strength; some may arrive during play on a pre-planned schedule.

Diese letztere Nachrichten theilt er 1. in solche , welche man durch Patrouillen erhalten hat, 2. in solche, welche mehr oder minder sichere Spione einziehen, 3. in solche , welche von Einwohnern , Reisenden

A half-battalion losing 1/6 swaps its block for the longer replacement block, 2/6 for the shorter, and at 3/6 is removed. The same blocks show infantry dissolved into extra skirmisher strips, which are returned when the skirmishers are drawn in. Losses are spread across engaged battalions.

Die erstern kürzer als die gewöhnlichen Infanterie-Steine (Fig. 3.) werden gebraucht um auszudrücken, daſs die geschlossene Masse des Bataillons um 1/6 die andern (Fig. 4.) dals sie um 2/ schwächer geworden sei.

One Point is 5 men of three-rank infantry, 3 Points = 10 men in two ranks, 2 Points = 3 skirmishers or 3 cavalrymen, 12 Points = 1 gun. Pegs on the loss tables for each arm advance until a threshold: 15 for closed infantry (a skirmisher strip), 60 for skirmishers, 60 for cavalry (a squadron), 25 for artillery (2 guns). Losses go to front-line troops actually engaged, never to reserves.

Zur Vereinfachung bei Berechnung des Verlustes wird derselbe in Ver- hältnifszahlen ausgedrückt , die man Points nennt.

Die I (open infantry/skirmishers) and II (covered skirmishers/jäger) give loss points per block at 100-400 paces; die III (favourable) and V (unfavourable) give artillery losses per battery for each range band. The umpire rolls the die chosen by circumstances (e.g. flat ground, clear view for good effect) and multiplies the number by the firing blocks. Six faces derive from Scharnhorst's trial data scaled for battlefield conditions.

daher sind 12 Tafeln und zwar 6 für eine gute, und 6 für eine mindere Wirkung der Geschütze , und eben so viel für beide Fälle beim Gebrauch der Infanterie- gewehre möglichst einfach entworfen, und auf Würfel geklebt worden.

Die I has 3 black and 3 white circles (1:1); II 3:2, III 2:1, IV 3:1, V 4:1, with blank faces rerolled. The umpire picks the die by force ratio (up to 1/6 stronger die I, rising to die V; beyond that the weaker side must retire) shifted by preparation fire, flank attacks, second lines, terrain and prior defeats; black always beats the disadvantaged side. The same dice decide canister morale checks, surprise, capture, village fires and breaching.

Sind die Umstände nicht gleich , so wird nach Maſsgabe der Verschieden- heit einer der andern Wüfel genommen , bei denen die Anzahl der schwarzen zu der Anzahl der weilsen Kreisen sich verhält.

Positions are adequately held with about 1 battalion per 400-600 paces of edge (1 per 300-400 paces of field works). The §66 table gives the die for each class of obstacle (wood edges, solid villages, walls, field works, rivers over 50 paces, fortified villages) depending on whether attacks can be renewed with fresh troops and whether the defenders occupied it 1 or 2 Züge before. Shortfalls of garrison or attackers shift the die; howitzers can fire villages and guns breach walls over set numbers of Züge.

Lisieren der Wälder und Dörfer , Stadt- und Kirchhofmauern sind hinrei- chend besetzt , wenn man ungefähr für jede 4 bis 600 Schritt der zu besetzenden Linien , 1 Bataillon verwenden kann

Troops are placed only within the umpire-defined horizon; infantry fire uses die I halved; artillery reaches only 600 paces in the open (except enfilading defiles); every defeated force in close combat counts as totally beaten.

Der Vertraute hat zuvörderst zu bestimmen , wie grofs unter den ange- nommenen Verhältnissen der Gesichtskreis sei.

A closed infantry block is 75 x 125 paces = half a battalion of 450 muskets; cavalry blocks are a squadron of 150 horses; artillery blocks are 4 guns (half a battery) plus ammunition wagon blocks. Strips represent skirmisher platoons (4 per battalion) and small pions represent patrols, posts and detachments of 25, 10 or single men. Blocks are coloured red or blue and marked with regiment and battalion numbers.

Ein Stein geschlossene Infanterie (Fig. 1.) ist 75 Schritt breit und 125 Schritt lang, er bedeutet ein halbes Bataillon oder 2 Compagnien

Infantry, pioneers and jäger; cuirassiers, hussars, dragoons and uhlans (light and heavy cavalry with different charge distances); 12-pounder, 6-pounder foot, 6-pounder horse and 7-pounder howitzer batteries, each with different ranges and canister effect (12-pounder canister +1/4).

Die Artillerie besteht aus 12pfündigen, 6pfündigen Fufs- , 6pfiindigen rei- tenden- , und 7pfiindigen Haubitz-Batterien.

Each battalion or squadron able to attack flank or rear counts double when choosing the die; flank attacks require surprise. A cavalry second line 400-800 paces back means the first line cannot be flanked alone and a first defeat counts only as R; infantry second lines at 150-400 paces give a better die against single-line enemies. Second lines too close share the retreat. Routed troops passing through reserves make attacks on those reserves one die worse.

Jedes Bataillon und jede Escadron welche in Flanken uud Rücken angrei- fen kann, gilt doppelt.

A battalion column attacked by 3-4 unprepared squadrons uses die II, by 2 squadrons die III, by 1 die V, all against the cavalry; brigade masses need 2 squadrons per battalion. Deployed lines that cannot be flanked: 3-4 squadrons per battalion die III. Repulsed cavalry is never totally beaten; beaten deployed infantry is always totally beaten. Foot batteries attacked in flank by half a battalion or squadron are lost.

Ein Bataillon nach der Mitte in Colonne. Von 3 bis 4 Escadrons ohne Vorbereitung angegriffen Würfel No. II.

R (forced to retreat): orderly retreat, small loss, 2 Züge to be able to defend and 3 to attack, one block turned face down. G (beaten): heavier loss, 3 and 6 Züge, two blocks turned. T (totally beaten): flight, very heavy loss, 5 and 10 Züge. Loss per block or squadron is printed under the circle; victorious cavalry loses half as much.

Die Truppen werden hier total geschlagen genannt, bedürfen 5 Züge um sich zur Vertheidigung zu ordnen und 10 Züge, um sich zu erneuerten Angrif- fen vorzubereiten.

When a half-battery fires effective canister at a battalion or two squadrons from favourable ground without suffering canister itself, die II is rolled each Zug against the target: black means it must withdraw (losing only fire casualties), white means it may stand or advance. Troops so prepared then fight close combat on a die one grade worse.

so wird nach jedem Zuge mit Würfel No. II. zum Nachtheil jener Truppentheile entschieden , ob sie stehen bleiben oder zurückgehen werden.

Each Zug represents 2 minutes of real action; a player may move any or all of his blocks the distance they could cover in 2 minutes. Once in contact, Züge are played singly in the order: simultaneous movement, fire effect assessed for one side then the other, close combat decided, losses applied by exchanging or removing blocks. When forces are far apart several Züge may be played at once.

Beide Parteien machen ihre Bewegungen gleichzeitig ; wenn diese geschehen, wird die Wirkung des Feuergewehrs erst auf einer, dann auf der andern Seite veranschlagt, der Erfolg der Angriffe mit der blanken Waffe entscheiden

After forces are allocated to subordinate players, each commander gives the umpire a written disposition stating the intended manoeuvre, positions, security measures, patrols and order of battle. Subordinate commands issue their own dispositions. Barricades, demolitions and other preparations must also be notified to the umpire.

Nachdem alles dies vollständig angeordnet, und dem Vertrauten mitgetheilt worden ist, giebt jeder der Oberbefehlshaber eine schriftliche Disposition.

Pontoon bridges need 10 Züge per 50 paces including unloading (12 under ball fire, impossible under canister); raft bridges 15-30 Züge per 25 paces; trestle bridges as pontoons once equipment arrives. Demolition needs 1 hour of preparation (3 if timed to the moment); fords can be blocked in 2 hours. Embarkation, boat speeds and swimming are also timed.

Mit Einschlufs des Abladens der Pontons sind für jede 50 Schritt Länge 10 Züge erforderlich ; geschieht es im Kugelfeuer , 12 Züge ; im Kartätschfeuer kann es gar nicht statt finden.